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    List of FreeBSD Commands by Category

    That quick reference guide for whenever you need to remember something.

    List of FreeBSD Commands by Category

    Hail, guys! Below is a FreeBSD Cheat Sheet separated by category.

    Assembly Commands

    • Mount MS-DOS file system (USB stick, external FAT32 drive)
    sudo mount_msdosfs [-o large] /dev/ad0s1 /mnt
    • Mount ISO 9660 using memory disk
    sudo mount -t cd9660 /dev/`mdconfig -f <image.iso>` /mnt
    • Mount Linux procfs
    sudo mkdir -p /proc
sudo mount -t procfs proc /proc
    • Mount Linux linprocfs
    sudo mkdir -p /compat/linux/proc
sudo mount -t linprocfs linproc /compat/linux/proc
    • Mount fs file descriptor
    sudo mount -t fdescfs fdesc /dev/fd

    update commands

    • Run FreeBSD binary update
    sudo freebsd-update fetch
sudo freebsd-update upgrade -r <release>
sudo freebsd-update install

    pkg commands

    • Install a packages
    sudo pkg install [package]
    • Remove a package
    sudo pkg delete [package]
    • Update package databases from repository
    sudo pkg update
sudo pkg [-d] update
    • Remove unused dependencies
    sudo pkg autoremove
    • Update packages to a new version
    sudo pkg upgrade [-f]
    • Update vuln.xml database
    sudo pkg audit -F
    • Is pkg installed?
    pkg info|grep <pkg>
    • View package information
    pkg info <pkg>
pkg show <pkg>
    • Lock package for current version and display locked packages
    pkg lock <pkg>
pkg lock -l
    • Clear local cache
    sudo pkg clean -y
    • View packet statistics
    pkg stats
    • Find the file installation package:
    pkg which /usr/local/bin/vim
    • Find the file if the package is not installed:
    sudo pkg install pkg-provides
sudo pkg provides -uf
pkg provides /path/to/file

    Network Commands

    • TCP sockets open (LISTEN, ESTABLISHED, CLOSE_WAIT)
    sudo netstat -p tcp -an
sudo socksstat -P tcp -a
    • Consult the tcp dtrace script at: /usr/share/dtrace
    cd /usr/share/dtrace
sudo tcpconn
sudo tcpdebug
sudo tcpstate
sudo tcptrack

    Commands from kernel modules

    • Lists loaded kernel modules
    sudo kldstat [-v]
    • Kernel load module (HW thermal sensors)
    sudo kldload <module>
sudo kldload coretemp
    • Generate hints for the boot loader
    sudo kldxref [v] /boot/kernel /boot/modules
sudo kldxref -R /boot
    • Dump(Dump) the running kernel configuration
    sysctl -n kern.conftxt
config -x /boot/kernel/kernel

    Commands for ports

    • Update and extract snapshots
    sudo mkdir -p /usr/ports
sudo portsnap fetch extract
    • Search for a ports in the tree
    cd /usr/ports/*/*/<portname>
make -C /usr/ports search name=<portname>
make -C /usr/ports search name=<portname> display=name,path

sudo pkg install psearch
psearch <portname>
    • Display ports variables
    make -C /usr/ports/editor/vim -V MAINTAINER -V PORTVERSION
make -C /usr/ports/editor/vim -V WRKSRC -V WRKDIR
    • Search distfile(s)
    cd /usr/ports/editor/vim && make fetch extract
cd work
    • Regenerate the information hash of the distfile(s)
    make -C /usr/ports/editor/vim makesum
    • Change KNOB/Options configuration
    make -C /usr/ports/editor/vim showconfig
make -C /usr/ports/editor/vim config
make -C /usr/ports/editor/vim rmconfig

make check-license check-categories check-deprecated check-vulnerable security-check check-sanity check-plist check-orphans check-config
    • List Makefile destinations from ports
    grep -E '^[^${\.#]+:$' /usr/ports/Mk/bsd.port.mk |cut -d ':' -f1 | sort -u
make -C /usr/ports -V .ALLTARGETS
    • List dependencies to rebuild
    make all-depends-list
make build-depends-list
make run-depends-list
    • Rebuild ports without building their dependencies
    make missing-packages # list missing packages
make install-missing-packages
make install clean

    Commands for src

    • Extract /usr/src Makefile targets with descriptions (lists all available targets)
    grep '^# [a-z].*- [A-Z].*' /usr/src/Makefile | sed 's,^# ,,' | luck
make -C /usr/src -V .ALLTARGETS
    • Enter the userland binary utility source code folder (e.g. ls)
    cd `where -sq ls`

    poudriere commands

    • Create a jail
    sudo poudriere jail -c -j <jail> -v 12.2-RELEASE -a <arch> -M ftp -p <ptree>
sudo poudriere jail -c -j 12amd64 -v 12.2-RELEASE -a amd64 -M ftp -p portsdir
    • Delete a jail
    sudo poudriere jail -d -j <jail> -C all
sudo poudriere jail -d -j 12amd64 -C all
    • List jail(s)
    sudo poudriere jail -l
sudo poudriere jail -l [-n] [-q]
    • Upgrade jail
    sudo poudriere jail -u -j <jail>
sudo poudriere jail -u -j <jail> -t 12.1
    • Create ports
    sudo poudriere ports -c -m null -M ${PWD}/svn/ports -p portsdir -v
sudo poudriere ports -l
    • Tree list of ports
    sudo poudriere ports -l
sudo poudriere ports -l [-n] [-q]
    • Build a test ports
    sudo poudriere testport -o <origin>/<port> -p portsdir -n # dry run
sudo poudriere testport -o editor/vim -p portsdir -v # verbose

    Development commands

    • Get sources
    git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/freebsd/freebsd.git /usr/src
git clone --depth 1 https://git.freebsd.org/src.git /usr/src

    For a specific branch, eg. Version 12.x:

    git checkout -b releng-12.2 freebsd/releng/12.2
git switch -c releng-12.2 freebsd/releng/12.2
    • Download ports
    git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/freebsd/freebsd-ports.git /usr/ports
git clone --depth 1 https://git.freebsd.org/ports.git /usr/ports

    Commands for Wireless (Wireless networks)

    • Restart the wifi network
    sudo service wpa_supplicant restart wlan0
    • List Wireless devices
    sysctl net.wlan.devices
    • List wireless SSID hotspot (with wlan0 device)
    sudo ifconfig [-v] wlan0 list scan
    • Debug the wireless network “stack”
    sudo sysctl debug.iwi=1
sudo sysctl hw.wi.debug=1
sudo sysctl net.wlan.debug=1

    Build commands

    • Build the “world” and the kernel
    cd /usr/src
sudo nice -n -20 make -j`sysctl -n hw.ncpu` -DNO_CLEAN -DKERNFAST buildworld buildkernel | tee -a build.log
    • Install Kernel (debug)
    cd /usr/src
sudo make installworld installkernel
sudo make installkernel.debug
    • Update /etc settings
    sudo etcupdate
sudo mergemaster -ui

    hardware commands

    • PCI devices
    sudo pciconf -vl
sudo pkg install pciutils
sudo lspci [-v]
    • USB devices
    sudo usbconfig list
sudo usbconfig dump_all_desc
sudo pkg install usbutils
sudo lsusb [-v]
    • CPU info
    sudo dmesg
sudo dmesg | sed -n '/^CPU:/,/^real/p'
sudo sysctl hw.model hw.ncpu
sudo sysctl kern.smp.cpus

    memory commands

    • virtual memory
    vmstat -c 1
sysctl hw.realmem hw.physmem
top -bt 0
    • Process memory mappings
    procstat vm <pid>
cat /proc/<pid>/map
cat /compat/linux/proc/<pid>/maps

    sound commands

    • sound devices
    sudo cat /dev/sndstat
sudo sysctl dev.pcm
    • disable beep
    sudo sysctl hw.syscons.bell=0
sudo sysctl kern.vt.enable_bell=0
    • Volume via mixer
    mixer vol 100

    Input and Output Commands (I/O, I/O)

    • Input and Output statistics for device read/write
    iostat [-x]
iostat -x -w 1 # watch mode

    Commands to/from ZFS

    • Import ZFS Pools
    zpool import -R /mnt zroot
zpool import -R /mnt -e readonly=on zroot # readonly
    • List and mount ZFS datasets
    zfs list
mount -t vfs zroot/usr/home /tmp/home

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