Working with cmath in C++

The cmath library in C++ is the same as math.h in C and it supports a large number of useful math functions, the complete list of all functions you can see here.

To use them, just include it in the header: #include <cmath>

In this cpp::daily of today we will see description and how to use some of them.

abs( int ) - Informs the absolute number:

signed int x = -936;
std::cout << "absolute value of x: " << abs( x ) << '\n';
// absolute value of x: 936

pow( double, double ) - Is the power of two numbers:

std::cout << "9 squared is: " << pow( 9, 2 ) << '\n';
// 9 squared is: 81

sin( double * pi / 180 ) - tells the sine of an angle;
cos( double * pi / 180 ) - gives the cosine of an angle;
tan( double * pi / 180 ) - tells the tangent of an angle; In this example we also include iomanip to use std::setprecision( int )
- We also use parameter via command line to get results at runtime
- We capture argv[1] as a string and later convert it to a long double with std::stold( std::string );
- Remembering that PI is an infinite number, therefore, we assign 13 significant digits (digits) for a greater precision of the result, as only 3.14 can have less accurate results.

#include <iostream>
#include <cmath>
#include <iomanip>

int main( int argc, char ** argv ){

  if( argc <= 1 ){
    std::cerr << "Enter the angle. Example: " << argv[0] << " 35\n";
    return 1;
  }

  std::string str = argv[1];
  const long double PI = 3.1415926535897;
  long double angulo = std::stold( str );
  std::cout << "seno: " << std::setprecision( 3 ) << sin( angulo * PI / 180 ) << '\n';
  std::cout << "cosseno: " << std::setprecision( 3 ) << cos( angulo * PI / 180 ) << '\n';
  std::cout << "tangente: " << std::setprecision( 4 ) << tan( angulo * PI / 180 ) << '\n';

  return 0;
}

Output:

Output

sqrt( double ) - Informs the square root of a number:
- For this example (mini program) in addition to using parameters, we also use colored outputs to make it stand out.

#include <iostream>
#include <cmath>

int main( int argc, char ** argv ){

  if( argc <= 1 ){
    std::cerr << "Enter the number. Example: " << argv[0] << " 35\n";
    return 1;
  }

  std::string str = argv[1];
  long double numero = std::stold( str );

  std::cout << "The square root of \e[31;1m" << str << 
               "\e[m is: \e[33;1m" << sqrt( numero ) << "\e[m\n";

  return 0;
}